Recording device



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RECORDING DEVICE Filed March 4, 193'! 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 QQN ATTORN m KER 28 250 a One a K 3 Rumk \QK Flip uKUYkkQU iiiiiL Jan. 3, 1939. T. J, NUNAN RECORDING DEVICE l2 Sheets-Sheet 11 Filed March 4, 1957 n 2 1 r z z J W l z 2 z l-lM l V- I l l l l I lid? 7 Jan. 3, 1939. T. J. NUNAN RECORDING DEVICE Filed March 4, 1937 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 Patented Jan. 3, 1939 PATENT OFFICE REGORDING DEVICE Thomas J. Nunan, Summit, N. J., assignor to The Clark Thread Company, Newark. N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 4, 1937, Serial No. 128,995

9 Claims.

This invention relates to a novel and improved recording device, and this application is a continuation in part of divisible subject matter contained in my copending application Ser. No.

9,428, filed March 5, 1935. The novel features of the invention will be best understood from the following description and the annexed drawings, in which I have shown selected embodiments of the invention and in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical face view of a selected embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of an enlarged scale taken on the same plane as Fig. 1 and showing more of the details of construction;

Fig. 3 is a view taken approximately on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a view of an enlarged scale likewise taken on the same plane as Fig. 1 but with certain parts removed so as to show details of construction;

Fig. 5 is a view taken from the right of Fig. 4 showing the structure appearing in that figure, parts here also being broken away, better to show certain details;

Fig. 6 is a view taken approximately on the line 5-6 of Fig. 3, but with the back of the casing removed and with parts being broken away to show details of construction;

Fig. 'l' is a view on an enlarged scale taken approximately on the line 1-1 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a section approximately on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a view approximately on the line 9-9 of Fi 8;

Fig. 10 is a view also on an enlarged scale taken approximately on the line Ill-40 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 11 is a view on an enlarged scale taken approximately on the line ll| i of Fig. 2;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view corresponding to Fig. l but showing certain of the parts in different positions;

Fig. 13 is a view of a fragmentary portion of Fig. 12 illustrating the operation of the parts shown therein;

Fig. 14 is a face view 01' a fragment of the record strip printed by operation of the device;

Fig. 15 is a side elevation of a recorder and the operating mechanism therefor;

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the structure appearing in Fig. 15 but with the casing top removed and certain parts shown in section Fig. 1'1 is a view taken on the same plane as Fig. 15 but showing a different form of operating mechanism for the recorder;

Fig. 18 is a view of the structure of Fig. 17 as seen from the left of that figure;

Fig. 19 is a top view of the structure appearing in Fig. 18;

Figs. 20A and 20--B together form a wiring 5 diagram illustrating one means by which the device may operate, certain of these two figures overlapping slightly;

Fig. 21 is a view corresponding generally to Fig. 4 but showing different embodiments of 10 certain parts of the invention;

Fig. 22 is a view substantially on the line 22-22 of Fig. 21, parts being shown in section;

Figs. 22-A and 22B are diagrams showing certain of the parts shown in Fig. 22 but in different positions;

Fig. 23 is a detail view approximately on the line 2323 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 24 is a wiring diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment shown in Figs. 21, 22, 22 A, 22B, and 23, and showing how that embodiment can be used in connection with the wiring diagram of Figs. 20A and 20B.

For the' purpose of illustration, I have shown the recording device as employed in connection with a thread testing apparatus designed to break successive lengths of thread, and the recording device may be used to record the amounts of force thus employed to break the thread. The invention, however, may be used for recording other data wherever found applicable.

Referring first to Fig. 1, I have shown therein a thread cylinder l forming a source of supply for thread to be tested and from which the thread 2 passes through a tension device 3 of any suitable construction and is then carried by a rotary frame 4 to a clamp 5 supported upon a bracket 6 secured to a movable part 1 of a scale 8. The scale is selected as a suitable form of indicator or measuring instrument and may be of any of the well-known forms which may be found suitable for the purpose. Therefore the details of the scale mechanism will not be described except as they are of interest in undera standing the invention. The indicating part of the measuring instrument may be omitted entirely for some purposes, and therefore the word indicator is used merely for convenience of expression.

For the purpose of convenience I shall refer to the clamp 5 as the indicator clamp, since it moves with the indicator.

The frame 4 is rotatably mounted about its axis 9 on a suitable support III, here shown in u the form of a panel extending upwardly from a base II, and is operated in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1. The operating means will be more fully described presently.

Rotatably mounted upon the panel I6 is a rock shaft 12 having on the front of the panel a lever l2 secured thereto, and upon the outer end of this lever is a clamp H which, for the sake of convenience, I shall refer to as the breaking clamp. As best shown in Figs. 2 and 6, on the back of the panel In the rock shaft l2 has an arm 15 which is urged towards the base H by means of a spring l6.

By means to be described later. the clamps 5 and I4 are periodically operated in synchronism with the movement of the lever l3 and the frame 4. The frame 4, as indicated, comprises a plurality of arms, here shown as four in number and which I have designated as l1, l6, l8, and 26, and is given an intermittent rotation in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1, 2, and i2.

Onthe end of each of the arms l1, l8, l3, and 26 is a feed clamp, the construction of which is best shown in Fig. 10. Here the clamp is shown as formed of two Jaws, one jaw 2i being stationcry and secured to the end of a horizontally extending tubular finger 22. The other Jaw 23 is movable and is mounted upon a plunger 24 slidably mounted in the tubular finger 22 and normally urged towards the left of Fig. 10 by means of a light spring 25 which engages between the end of the tubular finger and an abutment on the plunger.

The strength of the spring 25 is such that the jaws 2| and 23 will yieldingly clamp a thread between them with suflicient force to pull the thread from the source of supply i.

It will be seen that the jaws flare outwardly from each other towards their peripheries in order to receive the thread and also in order to permit forcing of the jaws apart at certain points. This forcing apart may be done by a release 26 or 21 (Figs. 1 and 2) of identical construction, and details of which are better shown in Figs. 7 and 10. It will be seen that each release comprises a wedge 28 slidably mounted on a block 23 secured to the panel Ill and held in adjusted position by means of a screw 36 received in a slot 3|. The wedge moves in suitable guideways on the block, as indicated.

The intermittent motion of the frame may be caused by any suitable means, here exemplified by a Geneva cross 32 mounted upon the shaft 6 on the back of the panel I and operated by a pin 33 on an arm 34 secured to a shaft 35. Associated with the arm 34 is the usual disk 36 engaging the arcuate portions of the cross to hold it against movement when the pin 33 is not operating. Of course, other suitable types of intermittent movements may be used.

The shaft 35 is rotated from a motor 31 which, through a gearing train contained in a gear box 33, rotates a pinion 39 meshing with a gear 46 secured to the shaft 35. The shaft 25 forms a cam shaft extending through the panel l6 in which it is supported by suitable bearings, and on the front end thereof it carries a cam 4i engaging a cam roller 42 upon the lever l3.

Assuming that the parts are in the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the thread is carried from the source of supply I through the tension device 3 over the clamps on the arms l9 and i8 and through the clamps 6 and I4. The clamp on the arm I! will be closed so that the thread will run freely over that clamp, the jaws thereof forming a guide for the thread. The jaws of the clamp on the arm II will be held open by the release 26 so that while the thread may still run freely between those jaws, nevertheless when the jaws are closed the thread will be held therebetween.

The end of the thread below the clamp II will be inserted between the jaws of the clamp on the arm lI so as to be held to that arm.

The motor 31 can now be put in operation and the shaft 35 will be rotated, causing the cam 4| to rotate in a counterclockwise direction as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 12, and depress the lever I 3. As the lever l3 moves downwardly, it will carry with it the clamp l4 and the thread held therein. The thread will exert a tension upon the clamp 6 and thus upon the bracket 6, and will actuate the indicator exemplified by the scale. The cam 4| is so designed as to insure that the thread will break between the clamps and I4 while the frame 4 is still stationary and before the pin 33 engages the Geneva cross. The approximate positions which the parts will now occupy are indicated in Fig. 12.

After the thread is thus broken, the frame will be rotated by the intermittent movement, it being noted that the arm 34 and cam 4! are so positioned on the camshaft 35 that the frame is held stationary during depression of the lever i3 by the cam M. The clamps 5 and i4 are released by means to be described later, and then the frame 4 will be rotated in the direction of the arrows indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. This rotation of the frame will cause the feed clamp on the end of the arm i6 to move away from the release 26 so that the jaws 2| and 23 of that clamp will come together and hold the thread therebetween. The thread will still be loosely received between the jaws of the feed clamp on the end of the arm I9, and as the frame rotates the thread will be pulled down between the Jaws of the clamps 6 and I4 which are now open and the arm 26 will move upwardly to the position shown as occupied by the arm ill. The arm I! will occupy the position shown as occupied by the arm l6, and as it reaches that position, the feed clamp on the end thereof will be opened by the release 26. The arm II! with the thread secured thereto will have moved down to the position shown as occupied by the arm l1, and it will thus be seen that the thread is carried through the jaws of the clamps 5 and I4 by a single feed clamp on the end of one of the arms of the frame and that it is free, from that feed clamp back to the tension device 3, so that it will be stretched taut between the clamps 5 and I4.

The arm H with the loose end of thread will have moved to the position shown as occupied by the arm 20, and on the next intermittent movement of the frame, the loose end 43 will be released from the feed clamp on that arm by means of the release 21, which is identical with the re lease 26.

The clamps 6 and I4 will be again closed, by means to be described later, and the operation will be repeated.

Between the two uppermost arms of the frame, here shown as the arms l8 and I9, may be placed pins 44 to prevent excessive sagging of a heavy thread. A similar pin 45 is placed in some such position as shown in Figs. 1 and 13, for example, so that as a thread end 43 is formed by breakage of the thread, and by being released from the clamp l4 it will fall outwardly and thus not wrap around the plunger 24 of the feed clamp on that arm of the frame. In other words, the

thread end is placed in such a position that it will readily drop when the release 21 operates on the feed clamps passing it.

The tension device 3 may be of any suitable construction, although in Fig. 11 I have shown one form which has been found satisfactory. In this form, the thread is permitted to run between two guides 45 and 41 loosely mounted upon a spindle 48 and lightly held togther by a spring 49 which may be adjusted by means of the nuts 50. The spindle 48 is mounted on a block 51 secured to the face of the panel l0, and at one end 01' that block is shown a guide plate 52 having a downwardly opening slot 53 to receive the thread. This guide plate 32 may be mounted for vertical movement on the end of the block by the screw and slot arrangement indicated in Fig, 11.

The indicator clamp 5 and the breaking clamp l4 may be of substantially identical construction except that one is secured to the bracket 8 and the other to the lever l3. Therefore a description of one will suffice for both, and in Figs. '7, 8, and 9 I have shown the details of the indicator clamp 5.

The clamp 5 is shown as formed of two jaws, a relatively stationary jaw 54 secured to the bracket 6 and a relatively movable jaw 55. One of these jaws, here shown as the jaw 54, has a face formed of a plurality of corrugations 55 extending transversely to the length of the thread 2, as best shown in Fig. 9, and both jaws are shown as having faces with edges 51 flaring outwardly from each other so as to form a flaring mouth to facilitate insertion of the thread between the jaws.

The jaw 55 is shown as having an car 58 pivotally received between ears 59 on a. lever Gil pivoted at 6| upon an arm 62 secured to the bracket 6. This arm carries a magnet or solenoid 63 of which the lever 50 forms the armature. By means of the solenoid the jaw 55 may be moved towards the jaw 54 at the correct times, by means to be described later, while, upon cleenergizing of the solenoid, a spring 54 may be used to force the jaw 55 away from the jaw 54:

Mounted on the bracket 6 above the clamp is shown a guide pin 65 to guide the thread 2 into position between the jaws.

Referring now to Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 12, it will be seen that as the breaking clamp exerts tension on the thread to break it, it causes the bracket 6 to move downwardly and thus to actuate the scale or other indicator, as previously described. For example, in Fig. 12 I have shown a situation where the thread has been broken after an exertion thereon of a force of one pound, which is indicated by the pointer 55 of the scale. Attached to the pointer is a pawl 61 cooperating with a ratchet 58 having thereon as many teeth as there are units on the scale face 65', whereby the pointer will not return to zero until the pawl and ratchet are released from engagement. Such release may be eifected at the proper time by the construction of the ratchet indicated. It will be seen that the ratchet is pivoted at 59 upon the frame of the scale and may be moved down by action or a solenoid in pulling upon a rod ll fastened to the ratchet, this pull being against the action of a coil spring 12 which tends to hold the ratchet in its uppermost position to contact with the pawl 57. In Fig. 12 I have shown in dot and dash lines the position of the ratchet as it is depressed or pulled down to release the pawl and consequently the pointer.

In the embodiment being described, the operadifferent elements is controlled by electrical circuits, and these circuits in turn may be controlled by means of a light sensitive element, such as a photo-electric cell of known construction, which is shown at 13. The cell may be acted upon by a lamp indicated at 14, and light from which passes through a lens 15 which is directed towards the cell 13.

Between the lamp and the cell is disposed a shutter I5 of arcuate form concentric with the center of movement of the pointer 66 and having therein a plurality of holes 11 likewise arranged on an arc concentric with the center or movement of the pointer. The shutter, lamp, and cell are so arranged that, as the pointer moves, the shutter will pass between the lamp and cell so that the lamp may act upon the cell through the holes as they pass successively between the lamp and cell. The result will be a series of electrical impulses, as is well known to those skilled in the art, and by making the holes correspond in numher to the units of force indicated by the indicator, or by having those holes occupy a certain predetermined relation to such units of force, the impulses may be used as a measure of that force. In this illustrated embodiment, it will be assumed that when the pointer 55 is at zero position, the lamp and cell will be opposite an opaque portion of the shutter spaced from the first hole a distance equal to the hole spacing.

The action of the light upon the cell will cause a variation in the resistance of an electrical circuit, as is well known in the electrical art, and these variations or impulses are employed to operate a recorder, here shown in the form of a calculating machine 18, indicated, for example, in Figs. 15 and 16. This calculating machine may take any desired form, but for the sake of illustration, I have shown a machine of a wellknown type having a small number of keys on the keyboard, although the invention is not limited to the use of that particular machine.

The recorder or calculating machine illustrated comprises a keyboard having nine keys l9 numbered from 1 to 9, as usual, and which I shall refer to as 19-1 to I9 9, inclusive. These keys are adapted to print the numerals l to 9, inclusive, in a manner well known in the art. The machine is likewise provided with a key 190 adapted to print the character 0 and with a key which is marked "Motor" in Fig. 16 and which is adapted to actuate a motor 8| which actuates the machine mechanism through a gearing contained in a gear box 82 to record a computation. The recording is done on a record strip of paper indicated at 83 and which is supplied to the platen 84 from a roll 85. Printing is done by actuation of the type bars 85 in the usual manner.

Disposed above and in contact with each key is an operating finger 81, each mounted upon a lever 88 which is pivoted on a frame 89. This frame may be made detachable from the recorder and moved into operative position with respect thereto without any change whatsoever in the mechanism of th recorder. The frame and mechanism carried thereby may be provided with a cover 90 through which the stem 9! of a handoperated key may pass, the bottom of the end of which contacts with the key 80 so that the motor may be operated by hand to total the computation.

Since this particular machine has only ten keys for the recording of digits, and since certain recorded figures may require two actuations of certain keys, I arrange additional fingers over tion of many or the certain of the keys. In the illustrated embodiment, I contemplate the use of an indicator which will indicate breaking strengths up to two pounds or thirty-two ounces, and the recording is done in ounces. In order to so record, I provide additional fingers over the keys 10-4, 10-2, thereby making possible double actuation of these keys so as to give any quantity up to 32. This arrangement of double fingers for certain keys is employed for the sake of convenience of arrangement of the circuits used to operate the various fingers.

Each lever is adapted to be operated by a solenoid 02. There are thirteen such solenoids, one for each of the thirteen levers, and for convenience they will be designated according to the key which they operate, as 02-0 to 92-9, inclusive, 92-h, and 02-2a. The solenoids are adapted to operate the fingers acting upon the keys 19-0 to 19-9, inclusive. The solenoid adapted to actuate the key 00 will be designated as 02M.

In Figs. 1'7, 18, and 19 I have shown another form which may be used to operate a recorder, such as the machine 18. In this form, the various fingers 81 are attached directly to the armatures of solenoids 03 disposed coaxially with the fingers and mounted for vertical movement upon a frame 94. The number of fingers and solenoids is the same as in the other embodiment just described, it being noted, however, that two of the solenoids, here identified as 93', are mounted directly above two other solenoids and in position to have their armatures act upon the armatures beneath them, in order to provide for two operations of the keys numbered 1 and 2. The frame may be conveniently rested upon the machine 10 as a self-contained unit, in the same manner as is the frame 00. For some machines, however, I have found that it is better to use the arrangement shown in Figs. 15 and 16.

I shall now describe the electrical circuits shown in Figs. 20-A and 20-13 and which are arranged to control the operation of the mechanism previously described. These circuits include certain switches shown in the other figures previously described. Two of such switches are indicated in Figs. 3 and 6 as mercury switches 95 and 86, each operated by a cam 91 and 90, respectively, on the cam shaft 35. The switch 95 is used to control the solenoids 63 operating the indicator clamp 5 and the breaking clamp ll, these two clamps operating in unison, and the switch 96 is used to control the solenoid 10 for depressing the ratchet 68. The switch 95 is normally open and the switch 96 is normally closed.

In Fig. 5 is shown another switch 90, which is a cut-oil switch controlled by the movement of the beam I00 of the scale. When the downward movement of the bracket 6 causes movement of the element 1, the right-hand end of the beam in Fig. 5 is raised, permitting the switch 99 to close, but when the scale is not being operated, this switch is open. The shutter 16 has an opaque portion disposed between the lamp and the cell when the scale is inoperative, that is to say, when the pointer is at zero position, and the contacts of the switch 99 are so designed that they will come into engagement with each other and close the switch by the time that the shutter has moved a suificient amount so that the light from the lamp will pass through the first one of the holes I1 corresponding to the first ounce.

Upon return movement of the scale beam to initial position, it will open the switch 09, the

auaasa pointer and shutter being retained, however, by the pawl and ratchet until operation of the solenoid Hi, the scale construction readily permitting this action. In this way I insure against passage of light through the holes in the shutter on its return movement.

Most of the circuits appearing in Fig. 20A are disposed upon the scale or beneath the cover IOI shown in Fig. 3, whereas most of the circuits appearing in Fig. 20-3 will be disposed in a cabinet I02 shown in Fig. 1. On the face of this cabinet may be conveniently arranged means to operate certain switches, such as the breaker" switch I03, the recorder switch I00, and the "rese switch I05, the switch I00 being normally open.

One of the features of my invention is the provision of means for automatically operating the device so that any required number of breaks may take place, and then the operation of the device will automatically cease. For example, if It is desired to test a thread by breaking it twenty-five times, the device may be automatically set so that twenty-five lengths of thread will be brought into engagement with the two clamps 5 and I4 and broken, the force required to cause each break recorded, and the number of operations and total force recorded. The total force may then be readily divided by the number of breaks to obtain the average strength determined by the run of tests.

In order to control this operation of the device, I provide a breaks required" switch I00, which may include a pointer, as shown in Fig. 1, adapted to move over a numbered face, and connected to a contact I01 (Fig. 20-3). I find it convenient to have the face numbered so that by moving the pointer from one number to another, the number of breaks may be varied by five. For example, in Fig. 1. the pointer is shown as resting upon the numeral 5, which means that when the device is operated with the pointer so set, the thread will be broken twenty-five times during the run of the tests.

In Fig. 20-3, I have shown conventionally the thirteen solenoids 92-1, etc., adapted to operate the various fingers which in turn actuate the keys of the recorder. In order to avoid confusion, I have omitted from Fig. 20B these elements operated by the solenoids, except diagrammatically, in one instance.

Electric current may be supplied to the device from any suitable source, here indicated in Fig. 20-13 as two line conductors I08 and I09 carrying a volt, 60 cycle, alternating current. The conductors I00 and I09 lead to the opposite sides of the motor 31, the conductor I08 having therein a switch IIO operated by a solenoid III, the switch and solenoid together forming what for convenience may be referred to as the trip relay". The function of this trip relay will be more fully discussed later.

The solenoids 83 are connected by conductors H2 and H3 to the conductors I08 and I08, respectively, and lead through the primary of a transformer Ill, the secondary of which is connected through a rectifier H5 with the solenoids 63, these solenoids being arranged in parallel with each other through variable resistances, if such are desired; The purpose of the rectifier is to provide a one-way current through the solenoids. as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

In the conductor III is shown the cam-operated switch 05, which switch thus controls the operation of the solenoids, and it will be seen that this operation is also controlled by means of the "breaker switch I03 shown as located in the conductor I09.

The lamp 14 is likewise connected by means of the conductors I I and H1, to the conductors I08 and I09 and lead therefrom to the primary of a transformer IIO, the secondary of which is connected to the lamp 14 by the conductors H9 and I20. It will be seen that the cut-off switch 99 shown located on the scale in Fig. is indicated in the conductor H9, and therefore this switch controls the operation of the lamp.

Energy is also supplied to the photo-electric cell 13 from the conductors I00 and I09 through an amplifier I22 connected to the conductor I08 by the conductors I I0 and HI and to the conductor I09 by means of the conductor I23. This amplifier may be of any suitable construction, the details of which are not necessary to an understanding of this invention. From the amplifier I22 lead two input leads I24 and I20 to opposite sides of the cell 13. The recorder switch I04 is shown as being located in the conductor I23 and thus this switch controls the amplifier and through the amplifier controls the operation of the photo-electric cell, as well as of other elements to be described later.

The ratchet solenoid may be connected through the conductor IIO connected to one of the line conductors I00, part of the conductor I2I, conductor I20, switch I21, conductor I20, rectifier I29, conductor I30, to one side of the solenoid. The other side of the solenoid 10 may be connected to the line conductor I09 through the conductor I3I, rectifier I29. switch I04. and conductor I23. It will be noted that the switch 90 is located in the conductor I3I.

It will thus be seen that the ratchet solenoid, photo-electric cell amplifier, lamp, motor, and clamp solenoids are all connected across the line formed by the conductors I00 and I09.

By the conductors IIO, I2I, I20, I20, I23, and switch I 04, the rectifier I29 is likewise connected across the same line. This rectifier has the function, known in the art, of giving the effect of a oneway current, and in the arrangement illustrated it is used to supply current to substantially all the recording apparatus.

Current through the rectifier, and consequently through the recording apparatus, is controlled by the recorder switch I04 and also by the switch I21, which in turn is controlled by the solenoid I32, this switch and solenoid forming the dashpot relay or other time-delay relay.

The various relay switches and magnet-operated switches indicated are supplied with the usual springs tending to keep them open or closed, as the case may be.

Connected to the amplifier I22 and receiving an amplified current therefrom is a circuit including the conductors I33 and I34 connected to opposite sides of the magnet I30 controlling witches I30 and I31, this magnet and the switches together being constructed so as to be a quickacting relay.

The switch I30 is in a circuit leading from one side of the rectifier I29 through the conductors I38 and I39 to one side or the switch, the conductor I40 leading from the switch to the magnet I4I forming part of a rotary switch I42, and the conductors I43 and I44 leading to the other side of the rectifier I29.

The rotary switch I42 will hereinafter be referred to for convenience as rotary switch No. 1. This switch and other rotary switches hereinafter referred to may be of any well-known form, the details of which are not necessary to an understanding of the invention.

It is sufiicient to say that the switch I42 comprises a rotary shaft I40 upon which are secured the Jzhree wiping contacts or brushes I48, I41, and I40. In the diagram of Fig. 20-3, these three contacts are shown on separate centers but are connected together by dotted lines, to show that the centers are preferably coincident in practice. The wiping contact I40 wipes over homing contacts I40, while the wiping contacts I41 and I40 wipe over selector contacts I00 and lil, respectively.

The circuit closed by engagement of the wiping contact I40 with one of the contacts I49 includes the switch I02 operated by the magnet I, the contacts I40 and I49, the conductor I03, the normally-closed switch I04, conductors I00, I00, and I30, leading to one side of the rectifier, while the other side of the rectifier is connected through the conductors I44 and I43 and magnet I to the switch I02.

The circuits closed by engagement of the wiping contacts I41 and I40 with the contacts I00 and IOI, respectively, will be described later, as these circuits include apparatus which has not yet been described.

There is shown a plurality of relays referred to, respectively, as slow release relay No. 1, slow release relay No. 2, slow release relay No. 2-A, slow release relay No.3, and slow release relay No. 4. The circuits for these relays will now be described,

The magnet I01 operating the normally-open switch I01 of slow release No. 1, has current supplied to it on one side thereof by a conductor I00 leading through the switch I31 and the conductors I39 and I30 to one side of the rectifier I29, to the other side of which the magnet I00 is connected by means of conductors I44 and I43.

One side of the normally-open switch I01 is connected to one side of the rectifier I29 by means of the conductors I44, I43, and I09, while the other side of the switch I01 is connected to the other side of the rectifier by means of the conductor I00, magnet I 0| of slow release relay No. 2, and conductors I02 and I30.

Slow release relay No. 2 comprises three switches, I03, I04, and I00. Of these three witches, I03 is normally closed and I04 is normally open, while I05 is normally in the position shown, closing one of two circuits, both of which will be more fully described later.

The magnet I00 of the slow release relay No. 2A has current supplied to one side thereof from one side of the rectifier I29 through the conductors I44, I43, I01, switch I04, and conductor I00, whereas the other side of the magnet is connected to the other side of the rectifier by means of the conductors I30, I00, and I09. This relay controls a switch I10.

The magnet "I of slow release relay No. 3 and which operates the switches I04 and I91, has one side thereof connected to one side of the rectifier I29 by means of the conductor I12, switch I10, conductors I13, I43, and I44, whereas the other side of the magnet I" is connected to the same rectifier by the conductors I14, I00, and I30.

The magnet I10 of slow release relay No. 4 has one side thereof connected to one side of the rectifier I29 by means of the conductor I10, switch I00, conductors I11, I 02, and I30, whereas the other side of the magnet I10 is connected to the other side of the same rectifier by the conductor I18, switch I18, contacts Ill and I82, and conductors I88, I48, and I44.

The switch I18 is controlled by the magnet I88 and forms therewith part of rotary switch No. 2, which is generally similar to rotary switch No. 1, having not only the wiping contact I8I adapted to engage the homing contacts I82, but also having the wiping contact I84 mounted upon the same shaft I88 as is the contact II, and adapted to engage any one of the energizing contacts I88.

Similarly, the switch identified as rotary switch No.3 has two wiping contacts I81 and I88 mounted upon a common shaft I88, contact I81 being adapted to engage any one of the homing contacts I88 and contact I88 being adapted to engage any one of the trip contacts I8I.

The magnet I88 of rotary switch No. 2 receives its current from the rectifier I28 through the conductors I88, I82, I11, switch I88, and conductor I82 (or conductor I18 and switch I18) and conductor I88 leading to one side of the magnet. the other side being connected by the conductors I84, I88, I48, and I44 to the other side of the rectifier I28. 1

Current may be supplied from the rectifier I28 through conductors I44, I48, and I88 and contact I84 to any one of the electric contacts I88 and thence through one of the solenoids 82 and one of the contacts I88 and I41, or I8I and I48. as the case may be, to the conductor I88 and thence through the switch I88, conductor I88, switch I81 conductors I88, I88, and I88 back to the other side of the rectifier I28.

The magnet I88 of rotary switch No. 8 has one side thereof supplied with current from one side of the rectifier I28 through conductors I88, I88,

and 28I, whereas the other side of the magnet I88.

is connected by the conductor 288 to the contact I88-M and thence through the contact I84. and conductors I88, I48, and I44 to the other side of the rectifier I28.

It should be noted that the solenoid 82-882 is not connected to rotary switch No. 1, like the other solenoids 82, but is in a circuit comprising conductors I44, I48, I88, contacts I84 and I88--M, and conductors 282, I82, and I88.

Rotary switch No. 3, like the other rotary switches, has associated with its magnet I88 a switch 288 controlled by that magnet and permitting current to pass from one side of the switch through conductor 288, magnet I88, conductor 28I, and conductors I58 and I88, to one side of the rectifier, whereas current from the other side of the switch 288 may pass through the contact I81, one of the homing contacts I 88, the switch I88, and conductors 284, I48, and I44, to the other side of the rectifier I28.

Current from the line conductor I88 may pass through the conductor 288 to the conductor I88 and thence through one of the trip contacts I8I. through one of the conductors 288 to one of the contacts 281 adapted to be engaged by the contact on the pointer I81 of the hand-operated switch I88 and thence through a conductor 288 and through the trip relay III to the other line conductor I88.

In operation, the thread is brought into position to be engaged by the two clamps 8 and I4 and is held by the feed clamp on the end of the arm I1 as in Fig. 1, being loosely engaged with the feed clamps on the arms I8 and I8 as previously described.

The pointer on the switch I88 which normally occupies the zero position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 28-B, is now set at the point desired.

In the illustrated embodiment. I have assumed that it is desired to break the thread twenty-five times, and therefore I have set the pointer at 8 as indicated in Fig. l and in full lines in Fig. 28-8.

Normally, when Idle the cam-operated switch 88 will be open and the switch 88 will be closed. However, as seen from Fig. 6. as soon as any substantial rotation of the cam shaft 88 takes place in the direction oi the arrow appearing in that figure, the switch 88 will be closed so as to operate the solenoids 88 and cause the Jaws of the clamps 8 and I4 to operate to grip the thread. At the same time, the switch 88 will be opened and remain open until near the end oi the operation.

The cut-off switch 88 likewise will be open at the beginning of the operation so that the lamp 14 will not be lighted, but a relatively slight movement of the beam I88 of the scale will cause the switch 88 to close.

The breaker switch I88 may now be closed, thus completing the circuits through the motor 81, through the solenoids 88, and also through the lamp 14, except for the switches 88 and 88, which will be closed as soon as the motor has caused a small movement of the cam shaft 88.

The recorder switch I84 may be closed simultaneously with the switch I88, which will complete the circuit through the amplifier I22 to the photo-electric cell 18. Closing of this switch I84 will likewise energize the solenoid I82 of the dashpot relay to close the switch I21 in the circuit of the rectifier I28, but the dash-pot will delay closing of the switch I21 for a sumclent time to permit the tubes of the amplifier I22 to become sumciently warm to function, although the dash-pot relay may be omitted, if desired. As soon as the switch I21 does close, however, current will be available for the automatic operation of all 0! the apparatus and circuits described above.

With the closing of the switch I88, the motor 81 will start operation, and one of the first results will be the closing of the switch 88 by rotation of the cam shaft 88, to cause the solenoids 88 to operate the clamps 8 and I4 to grip the thread. The switch 88 will be opened by this same movement, as noted above. Another result of the rotation of the cam shaft 88 is to operate the cam 4I and depress the lever I8, thus causing the thread to break between the clamps 8 and I4. As previously described, this action will cause an actuation of the indicator and a consequent movement of the shutter 18 between the cell" and lamp 14.

The passage oi each hole 11 in the shutter 18 will cause an impulse to be sent through the conconductors I88 and I84 to the magnet I88 01' the quick-acting relay of which that magnet forms a part, closing both of the switches I88 and I81. Closing of the switch I88 energizes the magnet I of rotary switch No. 1, and thereby causes the wiping contacts I48, I41, and I48 to move one step or into engagement with the next one of the contacts I48, I88, and I8I, respectively, after which the switches I88 and I81 will be opened by the action of the relay. The operation of a rotary switch one step for each impulse is an action well known in the electrical art.

Since the holes 11 in the shutter are spaced apart a distance corresponding to units of weight, here taken as ounces, it will be seen that for each ounce of force applied and indicated on the scale, one hole will pass the light and thus one impulse will be given to the movement oi the rotary switch.

The quick-acting relay is constructed with the usual spring, which will cause the switch I88 to open immediately after one hole has passed the light, it being understood that with the passage of a hole, the resistance of the cell will change enough to affect the amount of current passing through the relay sufliciently to permit the relay spring to act.

Normally, the switches I61, I64, I15, and I81 are open while the switches J68 and I64 are closed. and the switch I66 is in the position shown. connecting the conductors I18 and I11. In each instance, as noted above, the switch may be operated against the action of a spring tending to keep it in its normal position.

Closing oi the switch I81 simultaneously with the switch I86 energizes slow release relay No. 1 to close switch I61, closing of which in turn will energize slow release relay No. 2 to close the switch I84, to open switch I68, and to operate the switch I86 to disconnect conductors I18 and I11 and to connect conductors I11 and I82. Closing of the switch I64 will energize the slow release relay No. 2-A, whereas the described operation of the switch I65 will deenergize slow release relay No. 4, thus closing switch I15 through its spring and operating rotary switch No. 2 by current now available through switch I85.

Energizing of the slow release relay No. 2-A will in turn energize slow release relay No. 3 which will open the switch I64 and thus break the circuit through the homing contacts I48 and wiping contact I46, in the circuit of which the switch I64 is located, as previously described.

The two rotary switches Nos. 1 and 2 will operate simultaneously under the action of the first impulse received, but the action of the slow release relay No. 4 holds the wipers I8I and I84 on the first contact I82 and I88, respectively, while the rotary switch continues to step the wiping contacts I46, I41, and I48.

These wiping contacts I46, I41, and I48 will continue to step around until the thread breaks and will move one step or one contact I48, I58, and Iii, respectively, for each impulse received by the quick-acting relay. While this movement of the wiping contacts is taking place, all of the slow release relays No. 1, No. 2, No. 2-A, No. 3, and No. 4, will have remained energized because of their slow-release feature, and thus prevent further movement of the rotary switch No. 2.

For the sake of example, assume that ten impulses have been transmitted to rotary switch No. 1. Then it will be seen that the three wiping contacts I46, I41. and I48 have moved to their positions shown in dotted lines. In this connection, these wiping contacts are shown at zero positions in full lines, and it will be noted that in those positions each of the wiping contacts is in a dead or idle position. It will also be noted that when contact I46 engages with any one of the contacts I48 except the "zero" one, a circuit will be closed at that point.

It will also be noted that the wiping contact I84 is in engagement with a blank contact I88 as the result of the first impulse.

Rotary switch No. 1 acts as a selector switch to select and partially close a circuit through one or more of the solenoids 82. For example, with the number 10 to be recorded, as is assumed to be the case, then the selector switch has selected and partially closed circuits through the solenoids 82-1 and 82-8. The wiping contact I41 will have moved to the position shown in dotted lines,

where it rests upon the tenth contact I88. Similarly, the wiping contact I48 has moved a corresponding amount and over a corresponding number of contacts I8I, but these contacts are all dead or blank except the tenth one, which is connected to solenoid 82-8.

The nine contacts I58 following that marked 18 are all connected to the solenoid 82-1, so that for any figure between 10 and 20 this solenoid is selected by the wiping contact I41. At the same time it will be seen that the wiping contact I48, after passing the contact Iii indicated by the numeral 10, will select one of the solenoids 82-111 and 82-2. etc. Similarly, when the wiping contact I41 is engaging any one of the contacts I58 between the points marked 20 and 30, the wiping contact I48 will engage one of the contacts II between the points marked 20 and 30 so as to energize one of the solenoids 82-111, 82-2a, 82-3, etc.

From the above it will be seen that for every number from 1 to 9, inclusive, it is possible to complete a circuit through one of the solenoids 82-1 to 82-9, inclusive, whereas for every numher from to 32, inclusive, two circuits may be completed through two different solenoids corresponding to the two digits in the number.

Rotary switch No. 2 may be termed the energizing switch, and completes the circuits through the solenoids selected by the selector switch, and which circuits have been partially completed by the selector switch. The complete circuit through one of the solenoids leads from one side of the rectifier I29 through the conduc-' tors I44, I48, I83, the contacts I84 and I88, the selected solenoid, one of the contacts I58 or I8! and thence to the wiping contact I41 or I48, as the case may be, to the conductor I86, switch I63, conductor I88, switch I81, conductors I88, I66, and I38. In the diagram, the principal part of this circuit is shown in heavy lines.

Now take the time when the wiping contacts I41 and I48 have come to rest so that the circuits through the various solenoids 82 have been selected, and the wiping contact I84 has moved one contact from the position indicated.

Slow release relay No. 1 will remain energized as long as impulses keep reaching it, but when those impulses cease. which occurs when the thread breaks, then this relay will cease to be energized and the switch I51 will open, thus in turn causing the deenergizing of slow release relay No. 2 and the vibrating reed relay.

Slow release relay No. 2, in dropping out, energizes slow release relay No. 4, causing the wiping contacts I8I and I84 to move in a clockwise direction around over the contacts I82 and I86, respectively, back to their normal position which is indicated in the diagram. In its movement, the wiping contact I 84 will complete the circuits through the various solenoids 82 which have been selected by the selector switch. The movement of the wiping contact I84, however, is slowed up by slow release relay No. 4.

The switches operated by the magnets I16 and I88, respectively, will alternately energize and deenergize these two magnets so as thus to delay the action of rotary switch No. 2 or the energizing switch and thus insuring that the wiping contact I84 will have sufficiently long engagement with any of the contacts I86 which are in the selected circuits so that the solenoids 82 in those same circuits may be properly energized.

Slow release relay No. 2-A will maintain slow release relay No. 3 energized until the above described action has taken place, so as to maintain the switch I91 closed and the switch I99 open. when the switch I19 is closed, then the slow release relay No. 3 is deenergized and the switch I91 opens and the switch I99 closes.

Opening of the switch I91 breaks the circuit of the selector switch, and closing of the switch I99 puts current on the contacts I99 and completes the circuit through the magnet Ill. thus causing the wiping contact I99 to rotate step by step in a clockwise direction until it reaches the position shown in full lines in the diagram, which movement is generally termed "going home". During this movement, of course, the wiping contacts I 91 and Ill move with the wiping contact I99 until they too reach the full line positions indicated.

It will be noted that the numbered contacts I99, which are connected to the various solenoid circuits and therefore are live", are spaced apart a substantial distance on the arc of contacts so as to insure that the contact I94 only closes one circuit at a time. It will also be seen that it is impossible for the wiping contact I94 to close two circuits to operate the same recording key.

For example, the recording key numbered 1 may be operated by either one of the two solenoids 92-1 or 92-ia, and it will be seen that the contacts I99 connected in the circuits of these two solenoids and numbered 1 and la respectively, are spaced apart widely on the arc of contacts I99. Thus if, for example, the recording key numbered 1 is to be actuated twice in succession to record the numeral 11, it will have time to operate once under the action of the solenoid 92-1 when energized by closing of its circuit of contacts I99-1, and then return to inoperative position before it is acted upon under the influence of the solenoid 92-10; when energized by closing its circuit at contact I99-la.

Now assuming that the thread has broken after a force of ten ounces has been applied to it. The breakage will not aiiect the operation 01' the motor which will continue to rotate the cam II. The ratchet 99 will hold the pointer 99 in the position at which it was when the thread broke until released by the later action of the solenoid 19.

The wiping contact ill will have moved over all oi the contacts I99, as previously described, including the contacts I99-1 and I99-0, thus successively energizing the solenoids 92-1 and 92-0, to record the number 10 on the recorder.

The solenoid 92-M should be energized to print each recording, and for that purpose the circuit through that solenoid is closed by engagement of the wiping contact I99 with the contact I99-M, which is located so that the contact I94 may engage therewith only after having passed over all of the other live contacts. Energizing oi the solenoid 92-M will cause one of the fingers 91 to operate the key 99, which will cause printing of the recorded figures upon the strip 99 and movement of the strip into position to present a blank space for printing of the next set of figures. This movement of the strip is eflected by standard mechanism incorporated in the adding machine, as is well known.

The wiping contact I99, in passing over the contact I99-M, which is connected to the conductor 2!, thus energizes rotary switch No. 3 momentarily and causes the wiping contacts I91 and I99 to move one step or one contact I99 and I9I, respectively.

It will be seen that only every iifth contact I9l is connected to one oi the conductors 299 so that every break of the thread causes the movement of the wiping contact I99 from one contact I9I to the next adjoining one, but engagement of the wiping contact I99 with the contact I9I acts as a switch tohelp in closing a circuit, only at every fifth or numbered contact I9I This is the reason why the pointer of the switch I99 is shown at a figure corresponding to the number oi breaks-desired, divided by five.

Movement of the wiping contact I91 over the homing contacts I99 will have no eifect at this stage, but when the wiping contact I99 comes in contact with the contact I9I-5. corresponding to the setting of the switch I99 in the selected example, a circuit will be completed through the conductor 299, contacts I99, Ill-5, one of the conductors 299, the switch I99, conductor 299, and trip relay III, which will open the switch H9 and stop the operation of the motor.

Before another set of tests takes place, the normally open reset switch I95 should be closed manually to close the circuit through the homing contacts and the magnet I99 and thus cause rotary switch No. 2 to return the contact I91 to initial position. This circuit comes from one side of the switch 299, through the contacts I91 and I99, switch I99, and conductors 299, I 49, and I, to one side of the rectifier, and from the other side of the switch 299, through conductor 299', magnet I99, and conductors 2, I99, and I99, to the other side of the rectifier.

After each break of the thread, until the motor is stopped, the cam shaft 99 continues its operation, causing successive breaks in successive lengths of thread led into position to be broken. During the rotation of the cam shaft. the switches 95 and 99 are periodically opened and closed. Closing of the switch 99 takes place after the thread is broken, and will operate the ratchet solenoid and cause the ratchet 99 to release the pawl 91 to permit the pointer 99 to return to zero position before tension is placed upon another length of thread. This return is caused by the usual mechanism of the scale, which is of standard construction and need not be described or illustrated in detail.

When the operation of the motor is discontinued upon completion of the required number of test breaks, the key 99 may be actuated by the hand-operated stem 9i to totalize the figures.

The result of the above described operations is a printed or typed record on the strip 99, as shown in Fig. 14. The recorder selected for illustration is one in which the measurements themselves may be recorded in one column, as indicated, and in another column opposite each measurement is printed a numeral 1 to indicate one measurement. Operation of the totalizing mechanism of the recorder in the manner described above will result in providing two totals, one a total of the measurements and one a total of the number of measurements. In Fig. 14 the strip is a section of one in which the device was operated with the switch I99 set for ten breaks, and therefore ten measurements were recorded.

Referring now to Figs. 21, 22, 23, and 24, I have indicated therein a diiierent embodiment of a certain part of the invention, more particularly the part relating to the sending of the impulses which actuate the recording mechanism.

I have found that for some types of testing apparatus where the units to be measured and recorded are relatively small, or where for any other reason the holes 11 in the shutter I9 are placed close together, and then a vibration oo- 

